School History 1933 Part 1
The European backdrop to life in Yorkshire for the year of 1933 may not have had any immediate effect on the people of Hemsworth, but a short examination of the events of that year seen with the perspective of 'hindsight' clearly shows the development of a political ideology which later would inexorably lead to a loss of life for many Hilmians. This trend can be followed most clearly in Germany, where the Nazi party was continuing to gain support among the middle classes who were concerned about the growing strength of Communism.
►On January 30th 1933, President von Hindenburg appointed Hitler, leader of the Nazis, as Chancellor of Germany.
►On February 27th the Reichstag (the German Parliamentary building) was burned to the ground. The Nazis blamed the Communists and placed a ban on all political opposition parties, thus silencing all their critics.
►On March 15th Adolph Hitler proclaimed the Third Reich.
►On March 23rd Hitler assumed a dictatorship of Germany when the Enabling Bill gave him absolute power over government against a background of terror.
►On March 28th the persecution of the Jews in Germany entered a new phase when the boycott of Jewish shop goods and professions was decreed. Many Jews became the victims of harassment and violent attack. Nazi Storm Troopers routed out any opposition to the new regime.
►On May 10th the Nazis began burning books and piles of literature deemed to be "anti-German".
►By June the Nazis had taken over all areas of politics, and introduced the Hitler Youth Organisation. Plans to promote the "Aryan Master Race" (by Nazi definition: German, white, heterosexual and without disability) and eradicate other peoples were made. Concentration camps were set up to house those deemed inferior to the "Master Race", and tens of thousands of people, mainly Jews, were sent to these camps.
►On October 14th Germany left the League of Nations and the Geneva Disarmament Conference.
►By the end of 1933, Martial Law had been declared in Spain after an attempted revolution; in Italy, Mussolini and his Fascists were powerful, and within Britain, Sir Oswald Mosley had formed the British Union of Fascists (BUF), and his black-shirted followers were planning rallies and to win political power at the next general election.
This turbulence was not reflected in Hemsworth, where at the beginning of that year, the most pressing matter at the School seemed to be its imminent re-naming.